scope and anomalous visual disturbances.
a. Retinitis pigmentosa, with predominant abatement of central vision.
This is due to lesion of the centre of the retina, and is often accom[)anied
by nystagmus. Under this head are described four cases, in each of
which some symptoms were present, such as hemeralopia, posterior polar
cataract, atrophied nerve, small vessels, pigment in the retina, and in
all there was marked central amblyopia.
b. Eetinitis pigmentosa, with typical ophthalmoscopic appearances and
good central vision, but with anomalies in other characteristics of sight; that
is, irregular forms of the visual field, such as fields limited more on one
side than another, or with the ring-shaped scotomata. Under this head
come the cases where hemeralopia is wanting; and in one case Haase
found nyctalopia.
4. Retinitis pigmentosa, anomalous ophthalmoscopic appearances, and Dilantin 600 Mg
with anomalous visual disturbances.
a. Congenital amblyopia, or amaurosis from retinitis pigmentosa. In
many of the cases reported, the sight was very bad at an early age, but no
pigment could be found in the retina until several years had elapsed. Out
of fourteen cases of this class, four were complicated with deafness. In
eleven cases, about which note was made on this point three times, the
parents were blood-relations.
b. Retinitis pigmentosa, not congenital, with central amblyopia, and no
retinal pigment.
c. Ohorio-retinitis pigmentosa, with anomalous symptoms. The heredi-
tary character of the cases quoted is the reason for putting it under this
head.
5. Retinitis pigmentosa, with unusual course or unequal participaticm
of Dilantin 250 Mg both eyes, etc. Dilantin 1 G Sometimes the disease progresses rapidly, sometimes
with extreme slowness; or, especially with central amblyopia, it may be-
come stationary.
Of all the cases, typical and anomalous, out of thirty-seven, parental
consanguinity was found nine Cheap Dilantin times; only twice was it hereditary; in
eight families, thei-o was more than one child aftected. The influence of
syphilis in etiology could not be well made out. In only two cases wero
mercurials of any service. In all other cases Dilantin 350 Mg no treatment did any good.
25. — The Pigment Layer of the Retina. By Dr. Franz ^[or.\no, of Naples,
with a plate. [Schultze Archiv fiir Mikroskop. Anat., viii., 1, 81.]
The author, Dilantin Xr under direction of Prof. Boll, in the laboratory of Berlin,
has studied the so-called Dilantin 400 Mg choroidal epithelium, and gives the following de-
OPHTHALMOLOGY. 319
scription : That tlie cells arc not flat, but are cylinders of small Too Much Dilantin licif^ht,
consistinjj^ of two parts, viz. : an outer, toward the choroid, ■wliich
is colorless, and made of pale granular protoplasm, and an inner part,
■which is pigmented. These are to each other as 1 to 3. The nucleus
lies in the colorless part, and has one large nucleolus. Oil-drops of an
orange hue also belong to the outer part. The pigmented part of the cell
seems to be striated longitudinally. In good i)reparations this part is
seen to terminate in long fine hairs running into tlie retina. The Dilantin 30 Mg pigment-
granules are never round, but needle-shaped, and lie in rowo parallel to the
fibres. The very tip of the fibres is often colorless. There may be thirty
or forty hairs terminating one cell. In other cases the inner extremity of Dilantin Pharmacology
the cell has a pointed form, Dilantin 50 Mg or a membranous expansion. The hairs thus
described penetrate between the rods of tlie retina as far as to tiie end of
their inner member, that is, to the membrana limitans externa. From three
to five rods abut against one c|iithelial cell at the periphery of the retina,
but at its Dilantin Ex centre the cells are smaller, and to Dilantin 150 Mg each only a single rod will
correspond. The above observations were made on frogs and other am-
phibia.
26. — The Ah use of Alcohol and Tohacco as a Cause of Amhlyopia. By
Dr. L. UiRsciii-ER, of Pesth. [Archiv. fur Oph., xvii., 1, 221.]
The author appears to have had large experience among the intem-
perate, and gives the following resvme of symptoms oi amblyopia apotu:
Objects a|)pear as if under a veil, and this dimness comes on suddenly.
They are apt to swim and tremble; persons' faces seem to the patient to
be bluish or yellow; glistening, metallic surfaces are badly discriminated;
only large print (Jaeger 14-20) can be read; at first it seems clearer than
it does after looking a short time ; objects soon grow hazy and utterly con-
fused. Vision is worst at mid Dilantin 130 Mg day, and best at twilight Dilantin 230 Mg aiul by artificial
To external inspection there is nothing abnormal, except perhaps slight
conjunctival catarrh. The pupil is contractile, and is quite indisjKJsed to
expand. Visual field is intact. Central scotoma is rare. By the ophthal-
moscope the nerve may bo normal, or slightly reddened, or of a dirty gray;
at the later stages it may be Avhite, and indicate beginning atro[)iiy. The am-
blyopia soon readies its maximum, and remains forahmg time unchanged.
Amblyoj)ia from toi)acco differs little in symptoms from the above.
The proneness of the pupil to contract is sometimes remarkal^le.
Amblyopia from other causes, as menstrual troubles or rheumatic pro-
cesses, etc., etc., may present precisely similar symptoms. The pathology
of the disease the autlx^r is disposed to locate in the brain-tissue. For
treatment, the author relies on entire abstinence from the use of alcohol
and tobacco, and a general hygienic method. Local depletion does little
■good. Attention to digestion, exercise, and fresh air, are most essential.
27. — The Hnlo around the Macula Lutca. By Dr. E. G. Loi:ino. of New
York. [Transactions American Ophthal. Society, 1871, p. 73. J
Following upon his interesting itHjuiries published in the Transactions a
year ago, as Dilantin 125 to the cause of the light streak seen along the axis of the reti-
nal vessels. Dr. Loring now ofters some suggestions as to the cause of tho
halo at the macula lutea, which is sometimes, but by no means always,
seen. He thinks, and very |)lausibly, Dilantin 330 Mg tiiat this is merely another case of re-
flection from surfaces wiiich are not on the same level; because at the
macula the retina begins to grow thin imtil it becomes a decidedly de-
pressed surface at the fovea centralis. This change takes place gradually,
giving Dilantin 500 Mg a curved form, and from this curvature arises a halo or Dilantin 200 Mg reflex. Thia
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